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Mosquito Species Control of Malaria¹

A preliminary field survey of a region where there was very severe endemic malaria in the rice fields of the Tijhoea Vlaagte in Java showed that A. aconita the anopheline carrier of the malaria did not breed in the water of the rice fields which were under cultivation. The selected breeding places were neglected grassy irrigation ditches and grassy sodden rice paddies which were lying fallow.

Based on these facts a notable reduction in the amount of malaria was made by instituting special regulations requiring the people regularly to clean and burn the irrigation ditches and to lay dry their rice fields after harvest, also to regulate the amount of water used for irrigation purposes avoiding its excessive use.

Every malarial problem should in like manner be defined first by field studies for the actual breeding areas may be small and relatively easy to control, and it may be economically possible to use specific measures directed against one species of anopheline instead of expensive general measures directed against all mosquitoes, and in this way avoid the unnecessary expenditure of time and money which has been not an uncommon feature of malarial control measures in many places.

¹ The studies and observations on which this paper is based were conducted with the support and under the auspices of the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation.