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Blackwater Fever

A Statistical Report on Twenty-Five Cases Seen on Hainan Island

The island of Hainan is situated between the eighteenth and twentieth latitude, the hundred and eighth and hundred and eleventh longitudes, off the south coast of China. It forms the eastern boundary of the Gulf of Tonkin. To the north is the mainland of China, with the Luichow peninsula pointing towards the island. To the east are Hong Kong and the Philippine Archipelago; to the south are Borneo, the East Indies Archipelago and Oceania; to the west are the Malay States, India, Burma, Thailand and French Indo-China. The island is approximately fourteen thousand square miles in area. The population numbers two and a half million and is predominantly peasant in type. Foreign medicine was first brought to Hainan by Father Michael Boym in 1647 or 1648 (1), with the beginning of Catholic missionary work there. Protestant missionaries opened work on the island in 1881 (17).

Received January 22, 1942.