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Studies on the Salvador I Strain of Plasmodium vivax in Non-human Primates and Anopheline Mosquitoes

A review is presented on studies conducted in New World monkeys and chimpanzees with the Salvador I strain of Plasmodium vivax. This isolate has been adapted to Aotus and Saimiri (squirrel) monkeys and developed as a model for the testing of antimalarial vaccines. After the injection of 10,000 sporozoites, the median prepatent period in S. boliviensis monkeys was 21.5 days. In 103 sporozoite-induced infections in splenectomized monkeys, the median maximum parasite count ranged from 2,139 to 202,368/µL, with a median maximum parasite count of 48,174/µL. Median maximum parasite counts in Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, A. nancymaae, A. azarae boliviensis, and A. vociferans monkeys were 19,902, 18,390, 21,420, and 18,210/µL, respectively and ranged from 124 to 156,000/µL. Mosquito infections were readily obtained in different species of Anopheles mosquitoes. The S. boliviensis monkey and Salvador I strain seems suitable for the testing of sporozoite and liver stage vaccines but not for blood-stage vaccines against P. vivax unless adapted further in spleen-intact Saimiri boliviensis monkeys.

Received September 22, 2008. Accepted for publication October 27, 2008.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank the staff of the Animal Resources Branch, the National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, for the care of the animals.

Financial support: This study was supported in part by an Interagency Agreement 936-3100-AA6-P-00-0006-07 between the US Agency for International Development and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

^* Address correspondence to William E. Collins, Mail Stop F-36, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341. E-mail: wec1{at}cdc.gov

Authors’ addresses: William E. Collins, JoAnn S. Sullivan, Douglas Nace, and John Barnwell, Mail Stop F-36, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341. Allison Williams, Animal Resources Branch, and G. Gale Galland, Geographic Medicine and Health Promotion Branch, National Center for Preparedness, Detection and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333. Elizabeth Strobert, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30322. Tyrone Williams, Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA 30033.