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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 79(2), 2008, pp. 218-229
Copyright © 2008 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Aedes aegypti in Senegal: Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure of Domestic and Sylvatic Populations

Karine Huber, Yamar Ba, Ibrahima Dia, Christian Mathiot, Amadou A. Sall, AND Mawlouth Diallo*
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue viruses. The epidemiology of dengue fever remains poorly understood in Senegal. A sylvatic transmission seems to predominate. However, despite the sylvatic circulation of the dengue virus and the presence of vectors in urban areas, only sporadic cases have been reported. Ae. aegypti is a polytypic species. In Senegal, a purely sylvatic form is found in the forest gallery areas and a domestic form is found in the villages in savannah and sahelian areas and in urban areas. Using allozymes, we analyzed the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of Ae. aegypti populations differing in their ecological characteristics. Populations from Senegal were significantly structured but with a low level of genetic differentiation. Ae. aegypti from the "domestic" populations show a decreased genetic diversity and a lower genetic differentiation compared with "sylvatic" populations. These findings suggest that environmental conditions, ecological factors, and human activities may impact the genetic structure of Ae. aegypti populations in Senegal.

Received November 12, 2007. Accepted for publication April 3, 2008.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Mamoudou Diallo, Ignace Rakotoarivony, Pedro Rodriguez Menendez, Mouhamadou Lamine Soumare, and Amadou Thiaw for technical assistance and help during field investigations and Dr. Scott C. Weaver, Director for Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, UTMB Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, for improving the manuscript with helpful suggestions.

Financial support: This work received financial support from the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Disease (TDR): A00398.

* Address correspondence to Mawlouth Diallo, Institut Pasteur, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal. E-mail: diallo{at}pasteur.sn

Authors’ addresses: Karine Huber, UPR Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-15/G, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France, Tel: 33-4-67-59-37-24, Fax: 33-4-67-59-37-98, E-mail: karine.huber{at}cirad.fr. Yamar Ba, Ibrahima Dia, Amadou A. Sall, and Mawlouth Diallo, Institut Pasteur, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220 Dakar, Senegal. Christian Mathiot, WHO Office in Lyon, 58 Avenue Debourg, 69007 Lyon, France.

Reprint requests: Karine Huber, UPR Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA A-15/G, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France, E-mail: karine.huber{at}cirad.fr.






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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.