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Human Hydatid Disease in Peru Is Basically Restricted to Echinococcus granulosus Genotype G1

Saul J. Santivañez, Ariana M. Gutierrez, Mara C. Rosenzvit, Patricia M. Muzulin, Mary L. Rodriguez, Julio C. Vasquez, Silvia Rodriguez, Armando E. Gonzalez, Robert H. Gilman, Hector H. Garcia^* The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru

A molecular PCR study using DNA from 21 hydatid cysts was performed to determine which strain type is responsible for human infection in Peru. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene was amplified in 20 out of 21 samples, revealing that all but 1 sample (19/20, 95%) belonged to the common sheep strain (G1). The remaining samples belonged to the camel strain (G6). The G1 genotype was most frequently found in human cases of cystic hydatid disease (CHD) in Peru. Local control measures should focus primarily on decreasing dog and sheep infection rather than intermediate reservoirs.

Received November 2, 2007. Accepted for publication March 23, 2008.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank the cooperation of medical personnel from Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Program of the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. We also appreciate the assistance and cooperation of personnel from The Cysticercosis Unit of Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas.

Financial support: This work was partially supported by NIAID/NIH (grant P01AI051976), Fogarty/NIH (grants DW43001140 and DW43006581), and the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI, ANLIS) "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT).

^* Address correspondence to Hector H. Garcia, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. H. Delgado 430, SMP, Lima 31, Peru. E-mail: hgarcia{at}jhsph.edu

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors’ addresses: Saul J. Santivañez and Hector H. Garcia, Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 31, Peru, Tel: 511-3287360, Fax: 511-3284038, E-mail: hgarcia{at}jhsph.edu. Mara C. Rosenzvit, Patricia M. Muzulin, and Ariana M. Gutierrez, Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, "ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Velez Sarsfield 563, 1281 Buenos Aires, Argentina. Mary L. Rodriguez and Silvia Rodriguez, Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Ancash 1271, Lima 01, Peru. Julio C. Vasquez, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Program, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru. Armando E. Gonzalez, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Robert H. Gilman, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Reprint requests: Hector H. Garcia, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. H. Delgado 430, SMP, Lima 31, Peru, Tel: 511-3287360, Fax: 511-3284038, E-mail: hgarcia{at}jhsph.edu.