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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 78(6), 2008, pp. 999-1001
Copyright © 2008 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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SHORT REPORT


Failure of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine and Infection in Inducing Neutralizing Antibodies against West Nile Virus, People’s Republic of China

Fang Tang, Jiu-Song Zhang, Wei Liu, Qui-Min Zhao, Fang Zhang, Xiao-Ming Wu, Hong Yang, Hinh Ly, AND Wu-Chun Cao*
Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

 

ABSTRACT

We examined whether live attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine is effective in preventing West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the People’s Republic of China. Three groups were recruited into the study: patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE), healthy controls vaccinated with live attenuated 2 SA14-14-vaccine against JE virus (JEV), and unvaccinated healthy controls. Serum samples were collected and screened for IgG antibodies against JEV by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Positive samples were then analyzed for levels of antibodies against JEV and neutralizing antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV) by a plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Although most persons had medium to high levels of JEV-reactive IgG and neutralizing antibodies, only 2 of the 82 unvaccinated control samples were positive for the WNV-reactive antibodies. These findings suggest that previous JEV infection or vaccination did not induce adequate levels of WNV-reactive antibodies in the population studied. However, how these persons would respond to a secondary flavivirus infection and whether their prior experience with wild-type or attenuated JE vaccine will provide some cross-protection against WNV disease still warrants further investigation.

Received May 13, 2007. Accepted for publication March 18, 2008.

Acknowledgments: We thank Yan-De Dong, Yong-Guo Zhang, Man-Hong Ge, Ming Xu, and Hong-Zi Zhang for assisting with sample collection.

Financial support: This research was supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (no. 30725032) to Wu-Chun Cao and the Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30471495) to Jiu-Song Zhang.

* Address correspondence to Wu-Chun Cao, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People’s Republic of China. E-mail: caowc{at}nic.bmi.ac.cn

Authors’ addresses: Fang Tang, Jiu-Song Zhang, Wei Liu, Qui-Min Zhao, Fang Zhang, Xiao-Ming Wu, Hong Yang, and Wu-Chun Cao, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, 100071, People’s Republic of China. Hinh Ly, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.

Reprint requests: Wu-Chun Cao, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People’s Republic of China, Tel: 86-10-66948535, Fax: 86-10-63896082, E-mail: caowc{at}nic.bmi.ac.cn.






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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.