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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 78(5), 2008, pp. 791-802
Copyright © 2008 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Inferring from the Cyt B Gene the Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) Genetic Structure and Domiciliary Infestation in the State of Paraíba, Brazil

Carlos Eduardo Almeida*, Raquel S. Pacheco, Karen Haag, Stéphane Dupas, Ellen M. Dotson, AND Jane Costa
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR072 en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Laboratorio de Entomología, Quito, Ecuador; Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCID, Chamblee, Georgia

The Triatoma brasiliensis genetic structure was analyzed using the Cyt B gene in different geographic locations and ecotopes after a short and long period after insecticide treatment. Four different localities (16–40 km apart) in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, were sampled. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that grouping populations according to the geographic location or ecotope resulted in a higher variance among populations within groups ({Phi}SC ranging from 0.15 to 0.17) than among groups ({Phi}CT ranging from 0.04 to 0.07). The percentage of variation was reduced among populations within groups and increased among groups ({Phi}SC = 0.08, {Phi}CT = 0.16) by grouping 1) the domiciliary populations from each village and 2) all wild populations. These data indicated that T. brasiliensis is genetically structured both ecologically and at a smaller geographic scale for domiciliary populations. Re-infestations after insecticide treatment were composed of distinct populations, pointing to variable population sources for domiciliary infestations.

Received August 11, 2007. Accepted for publication December 4, 2007.

Acknowledgments: We thank the technicians of Funasa for essential help in the field; Laura Ney for kindly arranging for all field work; LeeAnn Jones, Gena Groner, Audrey Lenhart, Lynn Y. Huynh, and Alberto D’Avila for help with the laboratory work and analysis of the data; Paula Marcet for helping with the molecular methods; Alexandre Peixoto, Pedro Cabello, and Marli M. Lima for valuable comments; and Márcio Felix, John Sved, Carine Brouat, and anonymous referees for kindly and carefully reviewing the manuscript. We appreciate the kindness shown to us by the people from the municipality of São José da Lagoa Tapada.

Financial support: This research was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Strategic Program of Research in Health (PAPES 3/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation), and the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

* Address correspondence to Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Pav. Mourisco 2° andar, s/211, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil. E-mail: almeidace{at}ioc.fiocruz.br

Authors’ addresses: Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Raquel S. Pacheco, and Jane Costa, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Fax: 55212573-7276, E-mails: almeidace{at}ioc.fiocruz.br, rpacheco{at}ioc.fiocruz.br, and jcosta{at}ioc.fiocruz.br. Karen Haag, Departamento de Genética, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, E-mail: karen.haag{at}ufrgs.br. Stéphane Dupas, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR072 en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Entomología, 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, PO Box 17-12-184, Quito, E-mail: dupas{at}legs.cnrs-gif.fr. Ellen Dotson, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCID, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341-3717, E-mail: ebd6{at}cdc.gov.

Reprint requests: Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pav. Mourisco, s/211, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.




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