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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 78(5), 2008, pp. 745-749
Copyright © 2008 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Antileishmanial Activity of Azitahromycin Against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi

Fernanda de Oliveira-Silva, Eliane de Morais-Teixeira, AND Ana Rabello*
Laboratory of Clinical Research, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, CEP 30.190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Azithromycin, an azalide antibiotic, is highly concentrated within different phagocytic cells, especially macrophages. The potential antileishmanial activity of azithromycin against three species of Leishmania from the New World was assessed using in vitro models. Azithromycin decreased viability of promastigote cultures of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi as determined by the colorimetric Alamar blue assay. In amastigote intracellular cultures, a significant decrease in infected macrophages counts was observed for all three species with IC50 of 20.83 (27 µ mol/L), 2.18 (2.7 µmol/L), and 6.12 (7.8 µmol/L) µg/mL, respectively. Azithromycin showed in vitro activity against L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, and L. (L.) chagasi and may offer an alternative to current leishmaniasis treatment.

Received November 6, 2007. Accepted for publication February 16, 2008.

Financial support: This work was supported by CNPq (Conselho Na-cional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico), FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo de Pesquisa de Minas Gerais), and FIOCRUZ (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz).

* Address correspondence to Ana Rabello, Laboratory of Clinical Research, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima 1715, CEP 30.190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail: ana{at}cpqrr.fiocruz.br

Authors’ addresses: Fernanda de Oliveira-Silva, Eliane de Morais-Teixeira, and Ana Rabello, Laboratory of Clinical Research, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Avenida Au-gusto de Lima 1715, CEP 30.190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, E-mail: ana{at}cpqrr.fiocruz.br.






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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.