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Multiple Modes of Transmission of Giardiasis in Primary Schoolchildren of a Rural Community, Thailand

In February 2005, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of giardiasis in 531 primary schoolchildren of a rural community, Chacheongsao province, Thailand. Using both sedimentation and flotation techniques to detect Giardia duodenalis, the prevalence of giardiasis was 6.2%. Assemblage A, subgenotype II and assemblage B, subgenotype IV were identified by PCR-RFLP of glutamate dehydrogenase gene. Our data might indicate that, in this population, only assemblage A, subgenotype II of G. duodenalis was transmitted via water. Using multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for giardiasis were children of age 5–9 years, households with 3 children under the age of 12 years, low parental educational level, drinking bottled water, and living in close contact with dogs. Washing hands before meals had a protective effect. From these significant risk factors, multiple modes of transmission of G. duodenalis were suggested in this population.

Received May 14, 2007. Accepted for publication December 7, 2007.

Acknowledgments: We acknowledge all participants and staff of this primary school. The authors thank Francois Le Berre for his assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.

Financial support: This study was financially supported by the Thailand Research Fund (BRG 4880003).

^* Address correspondence to Saovanee Leelayoova, Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, 315 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. E-mail: s_leelayoova{at}scientist.com

Authors’ addresses: Supawat Ratanapo, Suthipong Soontrapa, Chakri Faithed, and Ram Rangsin, Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mathirut Mungthin, Tawee Naaglor, Phunlerd Piyaraj, Paanjit Taamasri, and Saovanee Leelayoova, Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, 315 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Telephone/ Fax: +662 354 7761, E-mail: s_leelayoova{at}scientist.com.

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