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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 78(3), 2008, pp. 522-526
Copyright © 2008 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Detection and Characterization of Human Caliciviruses Associated with Sporadic Acute Diarrhea in Adults in Djibouti (Horn of Africa)

Jérôme Maslin*, Elisabeth Nicand, Katia Ambert-Balay, Christine Fouet, Jérôme Kaplon, Rachel Haus, Pierre Pothier, AND Evelyne Kohli
Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique, Groupement Médico Chirurgical Bouffard, République de Djibouti; Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées du Val de Grâce, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Virologie, Reference Laboratory for Enteric Viruses, Hopital du Bocage, Dijon, France; Département Epidémiologie et Santé Publique Nord, Ecole d’Application du Service de Santé des Armées, St Mandé, France

Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have allowed us to recognize Human caliciviruses (HuCVs) as important agents of acute diarrhea in industrialized countries. Their prevalence and genetic diversity in developing countries remains unknown. We report on the characterization of HuCVs among adults presenting acute diarrheas in Djibouti; 108 stool samples collected were screened by EIA, RTPCR, or cell cultures for the group A Rotaviruses, Adenoviruses, Astroviruses, and HuCVs, which were further characterized by genotyping. Among stool samples screened for HuCVs, 25.3% were positive. The other enteric viruses were less prevalent. The 11 HuCV strains sequenced revealed a large diversity (3 sapoviruses and 8 noroviruses). GII strains noroviruses were predominant, five were newly described genotypes, and two were recombinant with a pol gene related to GGIIb strains with the particularity to associate a unique pol gene to different capsid genes. These results could help to the knowledge of HuCV infections in Tropical Africa.

Received November 13, 2007. Accepted for publication December 4, 2007.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Dr. R. Thiel for the proofreading of this article. We also gratefully acknowledge the contributions by Drs. J. J. Depina, P. Mathecowitsch, and H. Dampierre.

* Address correspondence to Jérôme Maslin, Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique, Groupement Médico Chirurgical Bouffard, SP 85024–00812 Armées-Djibouti. E-mail: maslin_j{at}yahoo.com

Authors’ addresses: Jérôme Maslin, Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique, Groupement Médico Chirurgical Bouffard, SP 85024–00812 Armées – Djibouti, E-mail: maslin_j{at}yahoo.com. Elisabeth Nicand, Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées du Val de Grâce, 74 Bd de Port Royal, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France. Katia Ambert-Balay, Laboratoire de Virologie-Reference Laboratory for Enteric Viruses-Hôpital du Bocage, Service de Microbiologie Medicale, 21079 Dijon cedex, France. Christine Fouet, Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées du Val de Grâce, 74 Bd de Port Royal, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France. Jérôme Kaplon, Laboratoire de Virologie-Reference Laboratory for Enteric Viruses-Hôpital du Bocage, Service de Microbiologie Medicale, 21079 Dijon cedex, France. Rachel Haus, Département Epidémiologie et Santé Publique Nord-Ecole d’Application du Service de Santé des Armées–Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Bégin, 69 Av de Paris, 00498 Armées, St. Mandé, France. Pierre Pothier, Laboratoire de Virologie-Reference Laboratory for Enteric Viruses-Hôpital du Bocage, Service de Microbiologie Medicale, 21079 Dijon cedex, France. Evelyne Kohli, Laboratoire de Virologie-Reference Laboratory for Enteric Viruses-Hôpital du Bocage, Service de Microbiologie Medicale, 21079 Dijon cedex, France.

Reprint requests: Jérôme Maslin, HIA Ste Anne, Bd ste Anne-BP 600, 83800 Toulon Armées, France, E-mail: maslin_j{at}yahoo.com.






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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.