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Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. Co-infection

Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. infections can cause systemic and ocular disease. To estimate the prevalence of infection with these organisms, we tested serum samples from persons 12 years of age obtained in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). Among those tested for both T. gondii and Toxocara spp. (n = 16,646), the age-adjusted T. gondii antibody prevalence was 23.6% (95% confidence limit [CL] = 22.1–25.1%) and the Toxocara spp. antibody prevalence was 14.0% (95% CL = 12.7–15.4%). Multivariate analysis controlling demographic and risk factors showed that persons infected with Toxocara spp. were more likely to be infected with T. gondii (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, 95% CL = 1.61–2.31), and similarly, persons infected with T. gondii were more likely to be infected with Toxocara spp. (OR = 1.91, 95% CL = 1.59–2.28). Infection with T. gondii and Toxocara spp. are common and can be prevented by many similar interventions.

Received September 13, 2007. Accepted for publication October 4, 2007.

Acknowledgments: We thank David Stansfield for his interest in and assistance with the study.

Financial support: This study was supported in part by a grant from Novartis Animal Health USA, Inc.

Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Health and Human Services or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

^* Address correspondence to Jeffrey L. Jones, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vectorborne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724. E-mail: jlj1{at}cdc.gov

Authors’ addresses: Jeffrey L. Jones, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vectorborne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, E-mail: jlj1{at}cdc.gov. Deanna Kruszon-Moran, Division of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HYAT Building IV, Room 4308, Mailstop P08, Hyattsville, MD 20782, E-mail: ddk0{at}cdc.gov. Kimberly Won, Marianna Wilson, and Peter M. Schantz, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vectorborne, and Enteric Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-36, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: kfw7{at}cdc.gov, myw1{at}cdc.gov, and pms1{at}cdc.gov