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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 77(1), 2007, pp. 142-150
Copyright © 2007 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Venda, South Africa: Distribution of Virulence-Related Genes by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Stool Samples of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Individuals and Primary School Children

Amidou Samie*, Chikwelu Larry Obi, Rebecca Dillingham, Relana C. Pinkerton, AND Richard L. Guerrant
Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa

We used a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a quantitative real-time PCR to determine the distribution of three enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) virulence-related genes in stool samples from hospital patients and school children in the Venda region of South Africa. At least one gene was found in 52 (16.5%) samples, 50 (19.6%) from hospitals and 2 (3%) from schools. The AA probe was found in 36 (69%), the aggR gene was found in 41 (79%), and the aap gene was found in 49 (94%) of all positive samples. EAEC was significantly associated with diarrhea and intestinal inflammation and was significantly higher ({chi}2 = 5.360, P = 0.021) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive persons (29.5%) than in HIV-negative persons (13.7%). The presence of EAEC genes was significantly associated with occult blood ({chi}2 = 30.543, P < 0.0001) in the stool samples. This study suggests that the clinical presentation of EAEC infection may be directly related to the bacterial load as well as to the genetic characteristics of the strains involved.

Received December 20, 2006. Accepted for publication April 12, 2007.

Financial support: This study was supported in part by grants from the Ellison Medical Foundation and the Pfizer Foundation to the Centre for Global Health, University of Virginia.

* Address correspondence to Amidou Samie, Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, MR4, Lane Road, Room 3146, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E-mail: samieamidou{at}yahoo.com

Authors’ addresses: Amidou Samie, Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa and Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, MR4, Lane Road, Room 3146, Charlottesville, VA 22908, Telephone: 434-924-5242, Fax: 434-977-5323, E-mail: samieamidou{at}yahoo.com. Chikwelu Larry Obi, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. Rebecca Dillingham, Relena C. Pinkerton, and Richard L. Guerrant, Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908.






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Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.