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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 76(6), 2007, pp. 1182-1188
Copyright © 2007 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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AN OUTBREAK OF DENGUE VIRUS SEROTYPE 1 INFECTION IN CIXI, NINGBO, PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 2004, ASSOCIATED WITH A TRAVELER FROM THAILAND AND HIGH DENSITY OF AEDES ALBOPICTUS

GUOZHANG XU, HONGJUN DONG, NANFENG SHI, SHIJIAN LIU, AIMING ZHOU, ZHIHUA CHENG, GUOHUA CHEN, JIANYI LIU, TING FANG, HONGWEI ZHANG, CHUNYING GU, XIAOJIE TAN, JIANJIE YE, SHUYUN XIE, AND GUANGWEN CAO*
Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

Autochthonous dengue infections have not been reported in Ningbo, People’s Republic of China since 1929. In August–October 2004, an outbreak of dengue fever was confirmed in Xiaolin, Cixi, Ningbo. Of 83 cases reported, 68 were laboratory confirmed. Fifty-three percent (34 of 64) of the cases had IgM antibodies to dengue virus. Dengue virus serotype-1 was isolated from two cases. The outbreak was linked to a traveler who returned from Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Ningbo isolate was closely associated to strains from Thailand. Prevalence of dengue-specific IgG in asymptomatic residents was significantly higher in the epidemic-stricken area than in a control area. High density of Aedes albopictus, which resulted from waterlogging caused by Typhoon Rananim and lifestyle of local residents, was responsible for rapid spread of the virus. Eradication of mosquito infestation might interrupt transmission. This outbreak underscores the importance of maintaining surveillance and control of potential vectors for the control of emerging infectious diseases.

Received November 24, 2006. Accepted for publication March 1, 2007.

Acknowledgments: We thank the participants from Xiaolin town and surrounding towns for providing blood samples and the physicians for their cooperation. We also thank Jie Xu for critically reading the manuscript.

Financial support: This work was supported by grants 04J008 and 06G65 (Guangwen Cao) from the General Logistics of the People’s Liberation Army, and grant 2004063 (Guozhang Xu) from Health Bureau of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China.

* Address correspondence to Guangwen Cao, Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang-yin Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China. E-mail: gcao{at}smmu.edu.cn

Note: A supplementary table, Dengue serotype-1 sequences retrieved from GenBank, appears online at www.ajtmh.org.

Authors’ addresses: Guozhang Xu, Hongjun Dong, Aiming Zhou, Zhihua Cheng, Jianyi Liu, and Ting Fang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Ningbo City, 237 Yongfeng Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, E-mails: xugz{at}nbcdc.org.cn, donghj{at}nbcdc.org.cn, zhouam{at}nbcdc.org.cn, chengzh{at}nbcdc.org.cn, liujy{at}nbcdc.org.cn, and fangt{at}nbcdc.org.cn. Nanfeng Shi, Guohua Chen and Jianjie Ye, Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Cixi County, 1141 East Nanerhuan Road, Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, E-mails: cxcdc{at}cxcdc.org.cn, hutian11{at}hotmail.com, and yjj852{at}sohu.com. Shijian Liu, Hongwei Zhang, Chunying Gu, Xiaojie Tan, and Guangwen Cao, Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China, E-mails: arrow64{at}sohu.com, smmuhongwei{at}yahoo.com.cn, cygu{at}smmu.edu.cn, xjtan2003{at}yahoo.com.cn and gcao{at}smmu.edu.cn. Shuyun Xie, Department of Infectious Disease, Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, 17 Laozheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, E-mail: cfetpxsy{at}vip.sina.com.

Reprint requests: Guangwen Cao, Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiang-yin Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China, Telephone: 86-21-25070420, E-mail: gcao{at}smmu.edu.cn.






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Copyright © 2007 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.