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USE OF MULTIPLE DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION TO INCREASE THE DETECTION AND GENOTYPING OF TRYPANOSOMA SPECIES SAMPLES IMMOBILIZED ON FTA FILTERS

Whole genome amplification methods are a recently developed tool for amplifying DNA from limited template. We report its application in trypanosome infections, characterized by low parasitemias. Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) amplifies DNA with a simple in vitro step and was evaluated on mouse blood samples on FTA filter cards with known numbers of Trypanosoma brucei parasites. The data showed a 20-fold increase in the number of PCRs possible per sample, using primers diagnostic for the multicopy ribosomal ITS region or 177-bp repeats, and a 20-fold increase in sensitivity over nested PCR against a single-copy microsatellite. Using MDA for microsatellite genotyping caused allele dropout at low DNA concentrations, which was overcome by pooling multiple MDA reactions. The validity of using MDA was established with samples from Human African Trypanosomiasis patients. The use of MDA allows maximal use of finite DNA samples and may prove a valuable tool in studies where multiple reactions are necessary, such as population genetic analyses.

Received November 29, 2006. Accepted for publication January 12, 2007.

Financial support: Liam J. Morrison, Gillian McCormack, Lindsay Sweeney, Mike Turner, Andy Tait, and Annette MacLeod were funded by the Wellcome Trust. Annette MacLeod was also supported by the Royal Society of Edinburgh and Tenovus Scotland. Mike Turner was also funded by the Leverhulme Trust. Anne Clarisse Lekane Likeufack and Philippe Truc were supported by IRD and WHO CDS Geneva.

^* Address correspondence to Liam Morrison, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 9LP, United Kingdom. E-mail: lm78y{at}udcf.gla.ac.uk

Authors’ addresses: Liam J. Morrison, Gillian McCormack, Lindsay Sweeney, Mike Turner, Andy Tait, and Annette MacLeod, Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom, Telephone: +44 14 1330 5616, Fax: +44 14 1330 5422, E-mails: lm78y{at}udcf.gla.ac.uk and gvwa08{at}udcf.gla.ac.uk (A. MacLeod). Mike Turner, also at Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom. Anne C.L. Likeufack, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR 177 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Mont-pellier, France. Philippe Truc, Institut de Recherche pour le Dével-oppement, UR 177 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Luanda, Angola.

Reprint requests: Liam Morrison, Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 9LP, United Kingdom, Telephone: +44 141 330 5616, Fax: +44 141 330 5422, E-mail: lm78y{at}udcf.gla.ac.uk.