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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 76(3), 2007, pp. 424-430
Copyright © 2007 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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NONVIREMIC TRANSMISSION OF WEST NILE VIRUS: EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SPACE, TIME, AND MOSQUITO SPECIES

CHARLES E. McGEE, BRADLEY S. SCHNEIDER, YVETTE A. GIRARD, DANA L. VANLANDINGHAM, AND STEPHEN HIGGS*
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas

To evaluate the potential for nonviremic transmission (NVT) of West Nile virus (WNV) to occur in nature, we examined the effect of increasing spatial and temporal separation between co-feeding mosquitoes on the efficiency of nonviremic transmission and the potential of a West Nile virus bridge vector species, Aedes albopictus, to be infected via nonviremic transmission. West Nile virus-infected (donor) Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were allowed to feed on a mouse for 5 minutes followed by non-infected (recipient) mosquitoes with increasing spatial (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mm) or temporal (0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 min) separation from the site or time of donor feeding, respectively. Recipients became infected when feeding up to 40 mm from the donor and up to 45 minutes after donor feeding. Additionally, nonviremic transmission of West Nile virus from Cx. p. quinquefasciatus to Ae. albopictus was observed.

Received October 25, 2006. Accepted for publication November 18, 2006.

Acknowledgments: C. E. McGee, B. S. Schneider, and Y. A. Girard were supported by the Centers for Disease Control Fellowship Training Program in Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases T01/CCT622892. D. L. Vanlandingham was supported by National Institutes of Health T32 Grant (A107536). The authors are thankful for the technical assistance of Jing H. Huang for the rearing of the Cx. p. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes and the generous contribution of mice by Dr. Richard B. Pyles. This work was supported by funds provided by the University of Texas Medical Branch Department of Pathology.

* Address correspondence to Stephen Higgs, Department of Pathology, Keiller 2, 104, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77539-0609. E-mail: sthiggs{at}utmb.edu

Authors’ addresses: Charles E. McGee, Bradley S. Schneider, Yvette A. Girard, Dana L. Vanlandingham, and Stephen Higgs, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Keiller 2, 104 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77539-0609.






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