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IMPACT OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE RESIDUAL SPRAYINGS OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES AGAINST TRIATOMA DIMIDIATA (REDUVIIADE; TRIATOMINAE), THE PRINCIPAL VECTOR OF CHAGAS DISEASE IN JUTIAPA, GUATEMALA

This study investigated the impact of single, double, and triple insecticide sprayings on indoor infestation of Triatoma dimidiata in Jutiapa, Guatemala. Up to three successive insecticide sprayings were applied in villages, where the indoor infestation index was > 5% before each spraying round or located adjacent to the persistently infested villages. Among 64 villages with single spraying, the mean indoor infestation index reduced from 20.8% to 1.4% after 12 months, but rose to 8.1% after 33 months. In 40 double-sprayed villages, it decreased from 41.9% to 11.9% by the first spraying and to 4.8% by the second spraying. For 12 villages with triple spraying, it reduced from 40.6% to 13.2%, 10.9%, and 4.1% through each spraying round. Geographic analysis showed that originally highly infested villages were spatially clustered and were likely to remain infested after the sprayings. Indoor infestation of T. dimidiata can be controlled with less than three rounds of spraying.

Received November 8, 2005. Accepted for publication March 30, 2006.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank the Vector Control Program of Health Area of Jutiapa for their valuable assistance and Drs. Yoichi Yamagata, Yuichiro Tabaru, Jun Nakagawa, and Chris Schofield for the technical advice and revision of the paper.

Financial support: This study was supported by the Chagas Disease Vector Control Project of the Ministry of Health of Guatemala and the Japan International Cooperation Agency from 2000 to 2005. Additional financial support for the baseline survey was provided by the Special Program on Tropical Disease Research/World Health Organization and the Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, a field station of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

^* Address correspondence to Ken Hashimoto, International Center for Medical Research and Treatment, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. E-mail: hashimok{at}gmail.com

Authors’ addresses: Ken Hashimoto and Masato Kawabata, International Center for Medical Research and Treatment, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan, Telephone: 81-78-382-5681, Fax: 81-78-382-5715, E-mails: hashimok{at}gmail.com and mkawabat{at}med.kobe-u.ac.jp. Celia Cordon-Rosales, Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala/Medical Entomology Research and Training Unit/Guatemala, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Apartado Postal 082, Guatemala City, Guatemala, Telephone: 502-2369-0791, Fax: 502-2364-0354, E-mail: ccz{at}cdc.gov. Ranfery Trampe, Dirección de Área de Salud, Jutiapa, Guatemala, Telephone/Fax: 502-7844-1315.

Reprint requests: Ken Hashimoto and Masato Kawabata, International Center for Medical Research and Treatment, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.