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Serologic surveys in Egypt have documented human and animal exposure to vector-borne bacterial pathogens, but the presence and distribution of these agents in arthropods has not been determined. Between July 2002 and July 2003, fleas were collected from 221 mammals trapped in 17 cities throughout Egypt. A total of 987 fleas were collected, representing four species (Ctenocephalides felis, Echidnophaga gallinacea, Leptopsylla segnis, and Xenopsylla cheopis); 899 of these fleas were X. cheopis from rats (Rattus spp.). Fleas were tested for DNA from Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Yersinia pestis. Rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine typhus, was detected in X. cheopis and L. segnis from rats from nine cities. A spotted-fever group Rickettsia sp. similar to "RF2125" was detected in E. gallinacea, and two unidentified spotted fever group Rickettsia were detected in two X. cheopis. Novel Bartonella genotypes were detected in X. cheopis and L. segnis from three cities. Coxiella burnetii was detected in two fleas. Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Y. pestis were not detected.
Received September 12, 2005. Accepted for publication February 21, 2006.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank Maria Badra, Alaa Taher, Emad El Din Yehia, and Ahmed Fawzi for invaluable support provided in Egypt, and Herbert Thompson and Rachel Priestley, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, for permitting us to use a previously unpublished real-time PCR assay for Coxiella burnetii. Special thanks are extended to the team members from the Vector Biology Department at the Egyptian Ministry of Health for their great support in the field work for this study.
Financial support: This work was supported by GEIS, Work Unit 847705.82000.25GB.E0018. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States Government.
* Address correspondence to Amanda D. Loftis, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333. E-mail: aloftis{at}cdc.gov
Authors’ addresses: Amanda D. Loftis, Will K. Reeves, John R. Moriarity, and Gregory A. Dasch, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road NE, MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333, E-mails: aloftis{at}cdc.gov, WReeves1{at}cdc.gov, JMoriarity{at}cdc.gov, and GDasch{at}cdc.gov. Daniel E. Szumlas, Navy Disease Vector Ecology and Control Center, Box 43, NAS, Jacksonville, FL, 32212-0043, E-mail: SzumlasD{at}namru3.med.navy.mil Magda M. Abbassy and Ibrahim M. Helmy, United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, PSC 452, Box 5000, FPO AE 09835-0007.
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