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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 74(6), 2006, pp. 972-978
Copyright © 2006 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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REDUCTION IN INFECTION WITH PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM ONE YEAR AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF MALARIA CONTROL INTERVENTIONS ON BIOKO ISLAND, EQUATORIAL GUINEA

IMMO KLEINSCHMIDT*, BRIAN SHARP, LUIS E. BENAVENTE, CHRIS SCHWABE, MIGUEL TORREZ, JAIME KUKLINSKI, NATASHIA MORRIS, JAISHREE RAMAN, AND JOSEPH CARTER
Malaria Research Programme, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Durban, South Africa; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, Maryland; One World Development Group, Gainesville, Florida

The Bioko Island Malaria Control Project was initiated in 2003 to substantially reduce malaria on the island of Bioko in Equatorial Guinea. The intervention consisted of generalized indoor residual spraying during the first year of the project. Case management and related measures were introduced during the second year. Two large household and parasitemia surveys of children 2 to < 15 years of age were carried out in 2004 and 2005, respectively, to assess the effect of the intervention after the first year. Patient records were collected retrospectively from one district hospital and analyzed for a comparison of pre-intervention and post-intervention periods. Overall mean prevalence of P. falciparum infection reduced from 46% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 40–51%) at baseline in 2004 to 31% (95% CI = 24–40%) in 2005 (P < 0.001). When the 12-month pre-intervention period was compared with the 12-month post-intervention period, there was a modest but statistically significant reduction in the number of malaria cases among hospital patients.

Received September 29, 2005. Accepted for publication January 6, 2006.

Acknowledgments: We thank Drs. Adel Chaouch, Brian Linder, and Susan Rynard (Marathon Oil Company) for their committed support during all stages of this project, the late Juanita Nzang (Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Equatorial Guinea) for her support and insight into the importance of this project, and Roger Holeywell (Marathon Oil Company) for the contour map of Bioko Island. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) assisted with publication expenses.

Financial support: The BIMCP is wholly funded by a consortium led by the Marathon Oil Company.

* Address correspondence to Immo Kleinschmidt, Medical Research Council, 491 Ridge Road, Overport, Durban 4091, South Africa. E-mail: immo.kleinschmidt{at}mrc.ac.za

Authors’ addresses: Immo Kleinschmidt, Brian Sharp, Natashia Morris, and Jaishree Raman, Medical Research Council, 491 Ridge Road, Overport, Durban 4091, South Africa, Telephone: 27-31-203-4806, Fax: 27-31-203-4704, E-mails: immo.kleinschmidt{at}mrc.ac.za, sharpb{at}mrc.ac.za, n.morris{at}mrc.ac.za, and j.raman{at}mrc.ac.za. Luis E. Benavente, Christopher Schwabe, Miguel Torrez, and Joseph Carter, Medical Care Development International, 8401 Colesville Road, Suite 425, Silver Spring MD 20910, Telephone: 301-562-1920, Fax: 301-562-1921, E-mails: lbenavente{at}mcd.org, chris{at}schwabe.us, mitorrez{at}mixmail.com, and jkcvermont{at}aol.com. Jaime Kuklinski, One World Development Group, 5745 SW 75 Street, #219, Gainesville, FL 32608, Telephone and Fax: 352-262-6485, E-mail: jaime{at}owdg.org.




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Copyright © 2006 by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.