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LARGE-SCALE ENTOMOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS TRANSMISSION BY POOLSCREEN PCR IN MEXICO

To study the impact of mass Mectizan treatment on Onchocerca volvulus transmission in Mexico, entomological surveys were carried out in the endemic foci of Oaxaca, Southern Chiapas, and Northern Chiapas. Collected flies were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for O. volvulus parasites. The prevalence of infected and infective flies was estimated using the PoolScreen algorithm and with a novel probability-based method. O. volvulus infective larvae were not detected in flies from 6/13 communities. In 7/13 communities, infective flies were detected, with prevalences ranging from 1.6/10,000 to 29.0/10,000 and seasonal transmission potentials ranging from 0.4 to 3.3. Infected and infective flies were found in a community in Northern Chiapas, suggesting that, according to World Health Organization criteria, autochthonous transmission exists in this focus. These data suggest that O. volvulus transmission in Mexico has been suppressed or brought to a level that may be insufficient to sustain the parasite population.

Received December 8, 2005. Accepted for publication February 6, 2006.

Acknowledgments: Mario A. Rodriguez-Peréz holds a scholarship from COFAA/IPN. We thank the personnel of the Ministry of Health (Onchocerciasis Programs for the states of Oaxaca and Chiapas: Alfredo Domínguez-Vázquez, and Ramón Segura-Arenas) for assistance with this project. We also thank personnel of the Center for Biotechnological Genomics/IPN (Cristian Lizarazo-Ortega) and personnel of National Institute of Public Health at Center for Malaria Research (Marco Sandoval, Rafael Vázquez and Juan Ventura) for assisting with the field work. We also thank Dr. Olga Real-Najarro and Dr. Eddie W. Cupp for critically reading the manuscript before submission.

Financial support: This project was supported by CONACYT (Grants 34486-M and 43436-R), by the Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas (OEPA), and by the Center for Biotechnological Genomics/IPN.

^* Address correspondence to Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez, Centro de Biotecnología, Genómica Instituo Politécnico, Nacional Boulevard del Maestro Esquina Elías Piña Col, Narciso Mendoza 88710, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. E-mail: mrodriguez{at}ipn.mx

Authors’ addresses: Mario A. Rodríguez-Pérez, Centro de Biotecnología, Genómica Instituto Politécnico, Nacional Boulevard del Maestro Esquina Elías Piña, Col Narciso Mendoza 88710 CD, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico, E-mail: mrodriguez{at}ipn.mx. Hassan K. Hassan and Thomas R. Unnasch, Division of Geographic Medicine, BBRB Box 7, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, E-mail: trunnasch{at}geomed.dom.uab.edu. Charles R. Katholi, University of Alabama in Birmingham, Department of Biostatistics, Ryals 317, 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, E-mail: ckatholi{at}uab.edu.

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