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PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM TRANSMISSION BLOCKING IMMUNITY IN THREE AREAS WITH PERENNIAL OR SEASONAL ENDEMICITY AND DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TRANSMISSION

Plasmodium falciparum transmission blocking immunity (TBI) was investigated in 3 different endemic areas. Reared Anopheles gambiae s.s. were experimentally infected with the blood of gametocyte carriers, either in the presence of autologous plasma (OWN) or after replacement of the OWN plasma with a nonimmune serum of AB blood group (control). Transmission reduction was defined by a lower level of mosquito infection in the OWN batch compared with the control. After controlling for the effect of gametocytemia, the proportion of "transmission reducers" was lower in the town of Yaounde in Cameroon (UC), (14%, N = 75) than in the two rural areas of South Cameroon (RC) (29%, N = 31) and Sénégal (RS) (44%, N = 32). The contribution of TBI relative to the total inhibition of the parasite development (including human, parasite, and mosquito factors) was higher in RS (49.6%) than in RC (12.6%) and UC (9.5%).

Received July 2, 2004. Accepted for publication January 13, 2005.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank the inhabitants of Mengang and the patients of the health center of Yaounde in Cameroon and the population of Anene in Sénégal for their appreciated collaboration. We are also grateful to the team of OCEAC in Yaounde and to Nyafouna Moise in Dakar for their technical assistance.

Financial support: This work was supported by the French Ministry of National Education and Research (VIHPAL) and by the Institute of Research for Development (IRD).

^* Address correspondence to Christian Boudin, Unité de recherche 077, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Sénégal. E-mail: boudin{at}ird.sn

Authors’ addresses: Christian Boudin, Abdoulaye Diop, Unité de recherche 077, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BP 1386-CP18524, Dakar, Sénégal, Telephone: (221) 849 35 35, Fax: (221) 832 43 07. Abdoulaye Gaye and Libasse Gadiaga, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Département de biologie animale, BP 1101, Dakar, Sénégal. Clément Gouagna, International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi Kenya, Telephone: (254)-59-22218, Fax: (254)-59-22190. Innocent Safeukui, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, INSERM U 399, Faculté Nord de médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France, Telephone: (33) 4 91 32 45 25, Fax: (33) 4 91 79 60 63. Sarah Bonnet, Unité d’immunologie moléculaire des parasites, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France, Telephone: (33) 1 40 61 35 49, Fax: (33) 1 45 68 84 32.

Reprint requests: Christian Boudin. Laboratoire de paludologie, Centre I.R.D., BP 1386-CP18524, Dakar, Sénégal, Telephone: (221) 849 35 78, Fax: (221) 832 43 07, E-mail: boudin{at}ird.sn.

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