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PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN TREATED NETS IN ANOPHELES GAMBIAE PYRETHROID RESISTANCE AREAS OF CÔTE D’IVOIRE

The efficacy of nets treated with lambda-cyhalothrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, on malaria infection and disease was assessed for the first time at the community level in Anopheles gambiae pyrethroid resistance areas. The study was carried out in northern Côte d’Ivoire, which is an area of kdr resistance. Four pairs of villages were selected and matched according to demographic, sociological, and ecological criteria. Among each pair, a village was randomly allocated to receive mosquito nets. More than 80% of beds were covered with nets treated with lambda-cyhalothrin and retreated after 6 months. In each village, 54 children aged 0–59 months were randomly selected and clinically monitored for 8 periods of 7 days throughout the year. Results showed that the efficacy of treated nets was maintained with a reduction of the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection by 12% and an estimated protective efficacy against malaria disease of 56%.

Received February 14, 2005. Accepted for publication June 9, 2005.

Acknowledgments: The authors thank Dr. F. Simondon of Institut de Recherche pour le Développement for advice on the protocol and Prof. C. F. Curtis for relevant comments and help in the translation of this paper. They would like to thank very much Dr. M. Zaim and WHOPES for their permanent support and crucial fund raising for this study. The authors also thank the inhabitants of the villages for participating in the study.

^* Address correspondence to Marie-Claire Henry, Centre Muraz, 01 BP 390 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso. E-mail: depauw.henry{at}fasonet.bf

Authors’ addresses: Marie-Claire Henry, Serge-Brice Assi, Joël Dossou-Yovo, Fabrice Chandre, Pierre Carnevale, Institut Pierre Richet, BP 1500, Bouaké 01, Côte d’Ivoire, Telephone: +225 31 63 37 46, Fax: +225 31 63 27 38. (Because of war, the Institut Pierre Richet is currently closed.) Christophe Rogier, Unité de Parasitologie, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées (IMTSSA), BP 46, Parc du Pharo, 13998 Marseille-Armées, France, Telephone: +33 4 91 15 01 50/52, Fax:+ 33 4 91 15 01 64, E-mail: christophe.rogier{at}wanadoo.fr. Pierre Guillet, Parasitic Diseases and Vector Control, Control, Prevention and Eradication, WHO, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, E-mail: guilletp{at}who.int.

Reprint requests: Marie-Claire Henry, Centre Muraz, 01 BP 390 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso, Telephone: +226 20 97 29 44, Fax: + 226 20 98 15 51, E-mail: depauw.henry{at}fasonet.bf.

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