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The spatio-temporal reinfestation patterns by Triatoma infestans following a blanket insecticide spraying in the rural community of Amamá in northwestern Argentina were analyzed using a geographic information system, satellite imagery, and spatial statistics. Domestic and peridomestic reinfestation by triatomine bugs was monitored from 1993 to 1997. Triatoma infestans was detected at least once in 75% of 2,110 sites evaluated. The prevalence of sites positive at least once for T. infestans during the study period increased sharply from 1993–1995 (0.6–2.9%) to November 1997 (32%). The initial source of T. infestans was a pig corral in southern Amamá one year post-spraying. Subsequent infestations were clustered around this initial focus at a distance of approximately 400 meters starting in 1995. In 1996, clustering was maximized in sites within the same or in neighboring compounds at distances of 25–175 meters. An effective control program on the community level will be based on the spraying of actual epicenters and sites within 450 meters of these epicenters to prevent the propagation of T. infestans.
Received April 21, 2004. Accepted for publication July 2, 2004.
Acknowledgments: We thank Dr. Roberto Chuit and Abel Hurvitz and his staff at the National Control Service (Argentina) for providing active support during fieldwork; María Moyano and Omar Sitatti for field accommodation; Amamá residents for their participation in this effort; Janet Thornhill for assistance in the digitizing phase, and Delmi Canale for her long-term support. The Amamá database is the product of a sustained collaborative effort between researchers from the University of Buenos Aires (Ricardo E. Gürtler, Directorate of Epidemiology, Minister of Health and Social Action, the Argentina-National Chagas Service (Roberto Chuit), and Rockefeller University (Joel E. Cohen) between 1992 and 2000.
Financial support: This study was supported by awards from the Natonal Institutes of Health/National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease program award R01 TW05836 funded by the Fogarty International Center and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to Uriel Kitron and Ricardo E. Gürtler), the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Técnica (Argentina), and the University of Buenos Aires to Ricardo E. Gürtler. Ricardo E. Gürtler and Maria C. Cecere are members of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Researcher’s Career.
Authors’ addresses: María C. Cecere, Ricardo E. Gürtler, and Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Telephone: 54-11-4576300/09 extension 223, Fax: 54-11-45763384, E-mails: carla{at}bg.fcen.uba.ar, gurtler{at}bg.fcen.uba.ar, and gvazquez{at}bg.fcen.uba.ar. Uriel Kitron, Division of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, Telephone: 217-244-5954, Fax: 217-244-7421, E-mail: ukitron{at}uiuc.edu.
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