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RAPID DETECTION OF MALARIA INFECTION IN VIVO BY LASER DESORPTION MASS SPECTROMETRY

Rapid diagnosis leading to effective treatment is essential to control escalating infectious diseases such as malaria. Malaria pigment (hemozoin) detection by laser desorption mass spectometry (LDMS) was recently shown to be a sensitive (<10 parasites/µL) technique for detecting Plasmodium falciparum parasites cultured in human blood. To examine the use of LDMS in a rapid new malaria screening assay, we followed the time course of P. yoelii infections in mice in parallel with light microscopy and a colorimetric hemozoin assay. Hemozoin was detected by LDMS in 0.3 µL of blood within two days of infection independently of the inoculating dose of 10⁶, 10⁴, or 10² parasite-infected erythrocytes. Microscopy and colorimetric hemozoin determinations lagged the LDMS detection of infections by 2–4 and 3–5 days, respectively, except at the highest inoculation dose. The LDMS detection of hemozoin is a potentially more rapid screen than light microscopy for detecting malaria infection in this mouse model at parasitemias <0.1%.

Received February 23, 2004. Accepted for publication April 18, 2004.

Financial support: Darin Kongkasuriyachai was supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) training grant. Nirbhay Kumar was supported by NIH grant. David J. Sullivan, Jr. was supported by NIH grant RO1 A145774 and a PEW Scholars Award in Biomedical Sciences. The culturing of P. falciparum for the production of control hemozoin samples was supported by National Center for Research Resources grant GPDGCRC RR0052.

^* These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors’ addresses: Peter F. Scholl, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, Telephone: 410-955-4235, Fax: 410-955-0617, E-mail: pscholl{at}jhsph.edu. Darin Kongkasuriyachai, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, BIOTEC, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. Plamen A. Demirev, Andrew B. Feldman, and Jeffery S, Lin, M.S. Eisenhower Research and Technology Development Center, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723-6099. David J. Sullivan, Jr. and Nirbhay Kumar, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179.

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