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PREVALENCE OF WEST NILE VIRUS IN TREE CANOPY–INHABITING CULEX PIPIENS AND ASSOCIATED MOSQUITOES

Culex pipiens was the dominant mosquito captured in a West Nile virus (WNV) focus in Stratford, Connecticut. More Cx. pipiens were captured in Centers for Disease Control miniature light traps baited with CO₂, quail/hamster traps, and mosquito magnet experimental (MMX) traps placed in the tree canopy than in similar traps placed near the ground. Significantly more Cx. pipiens were captured in MMX traps placed in the canopy than in the other traps tested. Ninety-two percent and 85% of the 206 and 68 WNV isolations were from Cx. pipiens in 2002 and 2003, respectively; 5% and 12% were from Cx. salinarius. Eighty-five percent and 87% of the isolates were from mosquitoes captured in the canopy in each of the two years. The significantly larger numbers of WNV isolates from Cx. pipiens captured in the canopy are attributed to the significantly larger numbers of Cx. pipiens captured in the canopy in comparison to those captured in traps near the ground.

Received January 9, 2004. Accepted for publication February 25, 2004.

Acknowledgments: We thank Michael Vasil, Terrill Goodman, Bonnie Hamid, Nicholanna Halladay, Amanda Rahmann, John Shepard, Michael Thomas, Elizabeth Alves, Laura Mickowski, Charles Mc-Gee, Susan McKnight, Lori Napolitano, Kathleen Blessing, Deborah Floch, and Kelli Jones for technical assistance. We also thank Elaine O’Keefe (Director of Health) and the Water Pollution Control Authority of Stratford, CT for enabling us to conduct this research on town property. American Biophysics Corp. (East Greenwich, RI) built the MMX trap for this study.

Financial support: The work was supported in part by Hatch Grant 763, by United States Department of Agriculture Specific Cooperative Agreement Number 58-6615-1-218, and by Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases Cooperative Agreement Number U50/CCU116806-01-1 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Authors’ addresses: John F. Anderson, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, Telephone 203-974-8440, Fax: 203-974-8502, E-mail: John.F.Anderson{at}po.state.ct.us. Theodore G. Andreadis, Department of Soil and Water, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, Telephone : 203-974-8510,Fax: 203-974-8502,E-mail: Theodore.Andreadis{at}po.state.ct.us. Andy J. Main, American University in Cairo, 113 Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, Egypt, E-mail: andymain{at}aucegypt.edu. Daniel L. Kline, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, Telephone: 352-374-5855, Fax: 352-374-5933, E-mail: dkline{at}gainesville.usda.ufl.edu.

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