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MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME B VARIATION IN POPULATIONS OF THE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS VECTOR LUTZOMYIA LONGIPALPIS ACROSS EASTERN BRAZIL

A population analysis of peridomestic, light-trapped, field specimens of the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis was targeted to six locations representing a geographic transect across eastern Brazil. Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences established the pattern of genetic variation among the populations. Alignment of a 261-basepair region at the 3'end of cytochrome b identified 30 haplotypes and 21 segregating sites from 78 sand flies. Pairwise comparisons indicated statistically significant population structuring between northern and southern populations, as well as structuring among the southern populations. Prominent spatial clustering was evident for two of the populations in a minimum spanning network of the haplotypes, but sequence divergence was not sufficient to indicate cryptic species.

Received January 15, 2003. Accepted for publication July 18, 2003.

Acknowledgments: Technical assistance was provided by Michelle Haghpanah and Swati Joshi. We give special thanks to the field team provided by the Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas/Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil, and to Professor William C. Black IV for the DNA extraction protocols.

Financial support: This work was supported by grants AI-34521, AI-44793, and AI-56254 from the National Institutes of Health.

Authors’ addresses: Virginia H. Hodgkinson, Biology Department, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, Telephone: 203-254-4000, extension 2744, Fax: 203-254-4253, E-mail: vhodgkinson{at}mail.fairfield.edu. Josephine Birungi, Uganda Virus Research Institute, HIV Vaccine Program, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, Telephone: 256-41-321-091, Fax: 256-41-321-124, E-mail: Jbirungi{at}iavi.org. Miguel Quintana, United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine, Fort Lewis, WA, Telephone: 253-966-3771, Fax: 253-966-0163, E-mail: Michael.Quintana{at}nw.amedd.army.mil. Reynaldo Dietze, Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, Fax: 55-27-335-7206, E-mail: rdietze{at}ndi.ufes.br. Leonard E. Munstermann, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208034, 60 College Street, 706 LEPH, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, Telephone: 203-785-5533, Fax: 203-787-4782, E-mail: leonard.munstermann{at}yale.edu.

Reprint requests: Leonard E. Munstermann, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8034.

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