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Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 69(2), 2003, pp. 123-128
Copyright © 2003 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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TRANSPLACENTALLY TRANSFERRED MATERNAL-INFANT ANTIBODIES TO DENGUE VIRUS

VEERACHAI WATANAVEERADEJ*, TIMOTHY P. ENDY*, RUDIWILAI SAMAKOSES, ANGKOOL KERDPANICH, SRILUCK SIMASATHIEN, NAPUSCHON POLPRASERT, CHANCHAI AREE, DAVID W. VAUGHN, CYNTHIA HO, AND ANANDA NISALAK
Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland

Antibodies of all four dengue virus serotypes were detected by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) in 97% of 2,000 infants’ cord sera at the time of delivery. In comparison with 250 mother–infant’s paired sera, we found that 53% of the infants’ serum HI titers were higher than those of the mother’s. The mother/infant IgG subclasses 1, 2, 3, and 4 titers were 53.1/87.0, 8.4/11.7, 0.14/0.11, and 1.1/1.0 mg/dL, respectively. In 18 months of follow-up of 100 infants studied, we observed that antibody to dengue virus disappeared in 3% by two months of age, in 19% by four months of age, in 72% by six months of age, in 99% by nine months of age, and in 100% by 12 months of age, with a half-life of 41 days. We conclude that the antibodies to dengue virus disappeared in the first year of life. We suggest that the most appropriate age for vaccination with a live-attenuated dengue vaccine in an endemic area is one year of age.

Received January 16, 2003. Accepted for publication March 24, 2003.

Acknowledgments: We thank the participating children and their parents and the medical staff of both the Department of Obstetrics and the Department of Pediatrics at Phramongkutklao Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) for their valuable cooperation in this study. We also thank the technical staff of the Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Bangkok, Thailand) for performing all the laboratory assays in this study. Special recognition is given to Chonticha Klungtong for her work on the dengue Western blot assay, to Somkiat Changnak for his work on the dengue IgG subclass assay, and to Phillip Renzullo for his valuable assistance in the statistical analysis.

Financial support: This work was funded by the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD) and in part by National Institutes of Health T32 training grant AI-07526.

Disclaimer: The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting the official views of the United States or Thai Army, or the Department of Defense.

Authors’ addresses: Veerachai Watanaveeradej, Rudiwilai Samakoses, Angkool Kerdpanich, Sriluck Simasathien, Napuschon Polprasert, and Chanchai Aree, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, 315 Rajavithee Road, Bangkok, Thailand. Timothy P. Endy, Division of Virology, United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick MD 21702. David W. Vaughn, Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Cynthia Ho, Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702. Ananda Nisalak, Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.

Reprint requests: Veerachai Watanaveeradej, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, 315 Rajavithee Road, Bangkok, Thailand, Telephone and Fax: 66-2-644-8971, e-mail: veerachaiw{at}yahoo.com.

* These authors contributed equally to this paper.




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