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Some Human Factors in Sanitation Programs in Africa¹

The multitude of environmental sanitation problems which beset the continent of Africa are familiar to almost every student of tropical public health, as is, I believe, the vast store of knowledge available today on how many of these might be resolved. What may not be so generally known, however, are the factors hampering the full application of this knowledge, and I propose during the time at my disposal to outline some of the more important of these.

Probably one of the most significant of these, through circumstances beyond his control, is the African himself. The peoples of Africa—and here I am referring to the Africa south of the Sahara, excluding to a large extent the far more developed Union of South Africa and some coastal areas that have been in contact with the outside world for over a century—are at the present time undergoing a change of a rapidity unprecedented in their history.

¹ One of four papers composing a Symposium on Sanitary Engineering in the Tropics held on November 15, 1952, during the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene at Galveston, Texas.