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Studies on Schistosomiasis

VI. Control of the Snail Host of Schistosomiasis in Japan with Sodium Pentachlorophenate (Santobrite)

The feasibility of molluscacidal control of the amphibious snail, O. nosophora, by repeated applications of sodium pentachlorophenate (Santobrite) to 12 miles of ditch comprising the entire irrigation system of the 150 acre area of Nagatoishi has been demonstrated. This chemical was applied during both spring and fall of 1950 and 1951. The initial application reduced the snails to the extent of 98.1 per cent. The residual population apparently had a high reproduction potential as repopulation was considerable at the end of the first summer. The fall application in 1950 was apparently less effective than the initial spring kill; however, there appeared to be a residual effect which augmented the results secured in the fall.

In the spring of 1951 the pretreatment snail count was low and some repopulation occurred during the summer, but to a considerably less degree than during 1950. The fourth application gave an improved fall kill reducing the population by 99 per cent.

The final and definitive test of the feasibility of controlling this snail in Japan is outlined as the fourth step. This plan, including procedure of application and cost of chemical, is proposed for eradication of O. nosophora over the entire endemic area in Kyushu. Sodium pentachlorophenate (Santobrite) is proposed as the molluscacide of choice because of its relatively high efficiency and ease of handling and application.

¹ Colonel, MSC, U.S. Army, formerly Chief of Department; at present Chief, Section of Parasitology and Entomology, Fourth Army Area Medical Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.

² Major, MSC, U.S. Army.

³ Dept. of the Army Civilian; at present Chief of the Department.

⁴ Nat'l Institute of Health & Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.

⁵ SFC, Medical Dept., U.S. Army.

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