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The Present Status of Malaria in the World

INTRODUCTION Malaria in recent years has been reported as far north as the Dvina River near Archangel in the USSR (65°) and as far south as Córdoba in Argentina (32°). Intense endemicity is still found in some areas of the Americas between 15°N. and 15°S., in Europe south of 45°N., in Asia south of 30°N., in Indonesia and the Philippines, Southwest Pacific (west of 180° and north of 20°S.) and Africa, north of 25°N. In the central and south Pacific, such islands as the Galapagos, Marquesas, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Marshalls and Carolines, are entirely without anopheline mosquitoes and consequently are nonmalarious. During World War II A. subpictus indefinitus appeared on Guam but so far no indigenous malaria has been reported.

Transmission occurs as high as 2,591 meters (8,500 feet) near Londiani in Kenya, Africa, where A. gambiae and A. funestus shelter in native huts; at 2,770 meters (9,086 feet) in the Cochabamba region of Bolivia where A. pseudopunctipennis is the vector.